Gear Envy

Good morning,

Again it has been a while and I appreciate your patience.

I am sure that all of us has experienced it we see someone else with something that is better or newer or different than what we are using and there is that moment of “I wish I had that” or “If I had that lens/camera/flash/program I could capture/make that image.” I currently have it in regards to my friend Drew. His camera is tech from 2017 and my newest is from 2012. Now this doesn’t mean that his camera takes better pictures than mine is just means it is newer. Mind you I still would like a newer camera and it will happen eventually. There are advantages on both sides. Newer has better ISO capabilities, lighter, better battery, newer tech. The downside is I would have to buy new editing programs and new lenses or an adapter if I want to use my current lenses, I would need to learn a new camera as well.

Taken with my A77 (2011) on the way to meet up with Drew and his A7RIII (2017)

The main point here is that sure there is always going to be newer or better gear than what we have unless you can buy the newest greatest thing every few months. Sometimes new things are needed other times the gains are minimal and not worth the cost. I say wait until you have outgrown what you currently have then get the new thing that is out. There are photographers out there that are making exceptional photographs with 35mm film. That from the 1900s. The first patent for a 35mm camera was in 1908. So currently I will stick with what I have any quietly envy other peoples’ newer equipment while at the same time honing my own skills by finding work arounds with what I have.

~Scott

Reflections with CPL

Good evening,

Tonight we are going to talk about reflections. We can add a new dimension to an image with a reflection. There are plenty of images out there with reflections, quite a few would just be okay without out the reflection. Once it is added though the image grabs the attention of the viewer. 

If this was just the top half of the picture it is okay, with the reflection it makes the mind think for a second and hold the viewer's attention. With the CPL turned the vegetation under the water would be more visible.

CPL filters as discussed before can alter reflections on non metallic surfaces. Reflections can be controlled easier with a CPL in place. Below we have the same scene taken first with a CPL on then with it off. The focus point was different because the subject changed and can e noticed in the detail on the hose.

Can this effect be mimicked in post processing? Probably, having a CPL to do the job saves a plethora of time especially if there is a series of images. Can we still get reflections without a CPL? Sure. 

My Daughter reflected in a pool. If I was using a CPL then her reflection probably would be more defined and less of the rocks would be visible.

Reflections in the desert is one of the reasons to go out after it rains in Las Vegas. Again quality filters are recommended, a rule of thumb is to purchase the most expensive one can afford. I would love to see some pictures from you. Grab a filter then go out and shoot.

~Scott

Lenses: Focal Lengths

Good Morning,

Today we are going to talk about focal lengths and their effects on images. We have discussed different focal lengths and what they are generally used for. We have not talked about how they affect the image or rather the relationship between subject and background. Below is a series of a red rose with a praying mantis on it in my backyard. I tried to stay focused on the same spot of the rose but moving and changing lenses does not help, thankfully the wind didn't give me any issues. First image is at 11mm, some distortion can be seen on the wall and the area of focus is wide and it looks like the wall is pretty far away. The second is at 18mm and the wall looks closer, pretty much everything looks closer or tighter, the distortion at the wall is negligible, and praying mantis is still judging us. Third we have 50mm and we can barely see any of the wall, the image is a bit brighter, I didn't have it on manual and it changed shutter speed was changed in Av. The honeysuckle doesn't look as far as it did before and out area of focus seems to have shrunk.  Fourth is 100mm and it was switched to manual mode. The praying mantis is so judgemental and has been for a while. It appears that the honeysuckle is just behind the rose bushes leaves and is rather out of focus. Fifth and final image is at 300mm, sorry the angle changed a little to keep in the same size I had to go up a step. The mantis stared directly at the camera, finally. The leaves are hard to make out on the honeysuckle now and look pretty close.

As can be seen through the images. If a subject is kept the same size the relationship with the background can be greatly affected by the focal length of the lens. What we are trying to convey with our images can be changed by zooming. Now go out and shoot.

~Scott

Equipment: Lenses

Good Evening,

We haven't really talked about primary equipment. It probably should have been done before filters. Let's start with lenses. The camera lens focuses light onto the sensor through an assortment of different shaped lenses inside of it. The eye changes focus by changing the shape of the lens with small muscles and this is how we have such a wide range of focus, from around 6 inches in front of our eyes to infinity. Glass lenses can't, at this time, change shape like that so they change the distance between the pieces of glass for a similar effect. The aperture takes the place of the pupil, opening and closing to let more or less light in as the situation demands. The aperture affects the image as well with things such as bokeh and starbursts.

There are many types of lenses which can be broken down pretty far. I am trying something new with the blog, carousels. Click on the pictures to cycle though the images.

Below is the same shot of the moon at 11mm, 18mm, and 35mm.

Wide angle - used for landscapes, cityscapes, and interiors (this would also include ultra wide lenses). Depending on the person this is anything less than 35mm in crop sensor and 50mm in full frame there is wiggle room in those numbers though. There is a wide angle of view on these lenses, not as wide as the human eye though which is about 180 degrees if you have both eyes functioning. For example an 11mm lens on a crop sensor has 104 degree angle of view, a 35mm has 42 degree, and a 50mm has 32 degree.

Below is the moon at 50mm and 70mm.

Normal angle - used for portraits, general shooting. This focal length is more or less how the eye sees the world. If we open both eyes while looking though the view finder each eye will see everything about the same size. For full frame I always heard 50mm and I have heard the same for crop sensors too which doesn't make sense. I just picked up a full frame (FF) and crop sensor (crop) camera and found it to be around 50mm for the crop and 70mm or so for the FF. More or less anything between wide and telephoto.

Below is at 100mm and 300mm which is about a typical or so range for a telephoto zoom.

Telephoto lens - used for sports, wildlife, celestial events, aviation. This type of lens brings everything in close. On the lower focal end they have use in portrait photography and macro photography. The price that we pay to get far away object closer is we loose wide angle of view. As an example a 75-300mm lens has field of view range of 21 - 5 degrees on a crop. If we want a close up of a bird or the moon then we don't need those extra degrees though.

Then there are zooms and fixed. Fixed lenses can often have wider aperture, can cost less, and can be sharper. We have to have many of them though or decide to "zoom" with our feet. Zoom lenses cover many focal lengths, the downside is that they are usually more expensive, they might have apertures that aren't as wide, and less expensive ones might not be as sharp. We come to a point where we make a decision of one over the other and deal with the downsides. I have both zooms and fixed and take which ones I need on each outing that I feel will be suit me. Now lenses don't only have to fit into these boxes. A telephoto lens can be used for landscapes and a wide angle can be used for sports and celestial events. Be creative and see what works for each situation.

I feel that lenses are worth more of an investment than the camera. I have multiple lenses that are still functioning fine that were discontinued in the mid 80s. It was all film back then. If a lens is taken care of it will last longer than the camera it came with. We can get into specialty lenses at a later date. Now go out and shoot.

Filter: Neutral Density Filters aka ND

Good Evening,

Today the little ones and I went to Red Rock Canyon. I brought along some ND filters to show what they can do.

ND filters are basically like putting sunglasses on a camera. They darken the whole thing. There are a few reasons to want to do this. Wanting to use a large aperture to have a shallow depth of field, wanting a long or longer exposure time, making flowing water silky, removing people from a busy location. They come in different strengths. Just like CPL filters they can be costly and we can buy one set for our largest thread lens and then step rings for the rest of the lens. Ultimately we want a filter that darkens the frame evenly without adding a color cast.

I did not use an ND filter for either of these images. I was testing a new lens and seeing what I could get out of it. I was planning on taking some water images today but alas didn't get the chance as there hasn't been any recent rain. This does give an idea of what an ND filter can do to a scene though.

There are also graduated ND filters which are used to darken a bright sky over a landscape so both can be seen. They come in both screw on filters and in a square filter with a holder. Just like the regular ones also come in different strengths.

Here is what I shot today with the girls. Notice both are about even on the ground but with the grad ND the sky looks better and not as blown out. For a scene like this I should have had the grad tilted more toward the sun on the left. I tried it but wasn't paying attention and got my finger in the frame because I was talking to children.

As for removing people from scenes I have pictures of them removed but no before shots. If I go to a populated area where people are moving I will get it. Until then see where an ND might fit into your needs. Now go out and shoot.

~Scott

Filters: Circular Polarizer aka CPL

Good Evening,

I thank you ahead of time for your patience, pictures will follow later for this post. This weekend has been busy, I still have to go through pictures from my 5 year old's birthday party.

Today I am going to talk about equipment starting with filters. Let me start off with saying we want good filters. Anything we put in front of the lens alters the quality of the light hitting the sensor. Poorly made filters will potentially degrade the image quality and/or have color casts. Most filter effects can be done in the camera or in post processing. The ones that can't without difficulty are CPL and Neutral Density aka ND, normal ones and graduated ones too.

We are going to talk about CPL filters which have some useful effects today. They can increase the contrast of the scene which can be very useful in landscapes and images with some clouds in the sky or both, limit reflections on water and non metallic surfaces, reduce glare, make flat screen images disappear, and make plants look more vibrant. I have also read that they make rainbows more prominent in photos, I have never had a chance to test it.

Here is the difference it makes in the sky with clouds, darker greens can be noticed on the tree too.

Some out there may be thinking that all of these things are great let's get one and leave it on the lens all the time, there are some drawbacks. A good one is usually expensive, so I recommend getting a good quality one that fits your largest lens then step rings for the smaller lenses. They decrease the amount of light hitting the sensor by a stop or so. The effect isn't as great on an ultra wide lens.

I have used Hoya, BW, and Tiffen with good effect. Get one if you are so inclined and go out and shoot.

~Scott